Reporting from Washington and Los Angeles — Pilloried and vilified, Rick Wagoner has agreed to step down as General Motors Corp.’s chairman and chief executive at the behest of the White House as part of a plan to provide more aid to U.S. automakers, administration officials said today.

Wagoner, who has been the company’s top executive since 2000, has come under increasing fire over the last year as GM’s financial condition has deteriorated. In his eight years at the helm, GM has lost $68 billion and the company’s stock value has declined 95%.

valve manufacturer Hydraulic Control Valve Butterfly Valve

　　Path following DN65 pipeline control valve

　　Ball valve:

　　This kind of cold pressure valve should be 600 psi, two cast-bronze valve body, PTFE valve seat, standard flow, split nut packaging, configuration adjustable stem packing, and stem anti-blow chrome Brass / Bronze Ball. The need to be concerned about the drop, the need for the entire flow Busuo diameter Ball Valve or similar structure. Valve port should have enough depth of the American National Standards Institute ANSI thread, welding or longer port, and the United States in accordance with the valve and pipe manufacturer Standardization Association MSS-SP110 standards.

　　The standard can flow valve: The United States Ni Boke T-580-70 Ball (thread); S-580-70 Ball (welding)

　　The use Busuo the whole track flow valve: The United States Ni Boke T-585-70 Ball (thread); S-585-70 Ball (welding)

　　Check valve:

　　DN65 path should be a non-return valve below the Y-shaped structure Swing, the United States and valves and pipe manufacturer Standardization Association MSS-SP80 standards, the working-class pressure 125 pounds, in line with the American Society for Testing and Materials standards ASTM B 62 The bronze valve body, valve configuration PTFE valve seat, or seat configuration flexibility of the driver elevating a non-return valve springs. The valve should be threaded connections or welding.

　　The valve can be:

　　125 pounds-class Ni Boke U.S. T-413-Y valve (thread); S-413-Y (welding)

　　Ni Boke U.S. T-480-Y-Check Valve spring-driven take-off and landing (thread); S-480-Y (welding)

　　Path DN65 control over the pipeline valve

　　Butterfly valve:

　　This type of valve is convex or ears of the international standard IPS tubular pipe connecting port valve, and the United States and the pipe valve manufacturer for Standardization Association MSS-SP67 standards; Path DN50 ~ DN300 is rated at 200 psi working pressure of non-impact Cold water, DN350 is more than 150 psi. Insulation used in insulation of the valve body with a length of 2-inch diameter, the material is cast iron or ductile iron. Butterfly texture Plate is a ductile iron plating or aluminum-bronze alloy, the configuration Dingna-N rubber seal and valve seats; Dingna or rubber-coated butterfly-N board Body configure polymer coating. Stem should be 400 series stainless steel, will not stem revealed in the butterfly fasteners on board. Path DN65 to DN150 should be configured with 10 positions cut the board to operate the handle; path above DN200 butterfly valves should be configured to operate gear bodies. Ear tube-like structure and the structure of the Butterfly Valve should be used to cut off valve, and do not need the lower flange can also be used in wide under pressure from the pipeline terminal. Handle valve operation should be applied to lock in the open or closed position.

　　The valve can be:

　　Ear Body, plating iron butterfly board of the United States Ni Boke LD3110-3 butterfly (operating agencies handle); LD3110-5 butterfly (Gear operating agency)

　　Ear valve, butterfly bronze aluminum plate Ni Boke of the United States LD2100-3 butterfly (operating agencies handle); LD2100-5 butterfly (Gear operating agency)

　　Valve tube, rubber-coated plate of the butterflies GD4775-3 Ni Boke American Butterfly (operating agencies handle); GD4775-5 butterfly (Gear operating agency)

　　Check valve:

　　Path DN65 more than a non-return valve should be flat (on the folder-type) structure and configuration of stainless steel spring, bronze valve plate valve, rubber valve seats, in line with the U.S. Society for Testing and Materials ASTM A 126-level B or A 48 standard cast iron Valve, the allocation of 125 pounds or 150 pounds flange level.

　　The valve can be:

　　Ni Boke U.S. W-920-W, KW-900-W or W-910-W-driven lift-check valve spring

Tripe Eccentric Butterfly Valve wafer soft seat butterfly valve single eccentric manual wafer soft seat butterfly valve

　　Check refers to rely on the media and the flow itself automatically open and close flap valve to prevent the media back valve, also known as Check Valve, a one-way valve, the valve counter-current, and back-pressure valve. Check Valve is an automatic, its main role is to prevent the media back to prevent the motor-driven pumps and reverse, as well as the discharge of the container media. Check valve can be used to the pressure on the system may be more than up to the pressure-assisted system to provide the supply pipe on the road. Check valve can be divided into Swing-check valve (in accordance with rotating center of gravity) and a non-return valve-lift (along the axis movement).

　　Check in accordance with its structure and installation methods can be divided into:

　　First, a non-return valve-Swing: Swing Check Valve-Cheng Yuan discoid flap valves, valve seats around the access shaft for the rotation, as a result of valve inside the channel into a streamline, the flow resistance than the small valve-lift For low-velocity flow and changes in the large-caliber seldom occasions, but not for the pulsating flow, and its performance than closed-off and landing. Swing Check Valve sub-Single-and double-valve and three-most, the three main forms of valves in accordance with sub-caliber years, in order to prevent the flow of media to stop or turn the clock back, weakening the impact of water.

　　Second, a non-return valve lift-: Valve Body flap along the vertical centerline of the slide valve, check valve-lift can only be installed on the level of pipeline, in the small-bore high-pressure valve on the valve ball valve can be . Check-off and landing of the valve body with the cut-off valve as shape (with cut-off valve common), so it’s more fluid drag coefficient. Its structure and cut-off valve similar to the flap valve and the valve body with the same cut-off valve. The upper flap valve and valve cover the lower part of the processing units are oriented Jane, Jane valve flap can be oriented in the light valve Chien-oriented free take-off and landing, when the media down, valve by valve media thrust open, when the media stopped-flow, valve by valve from Vertical landing in the seat, the current role of the media to stop play. Straight-through valve lift import and export of media channels and the direction of the seat-channel vertical direction; vertical-landing check valve, and its import and export media access channel direction and the direction of the same seat, which flows through a small resistance Pressure-seal Piston Check Valve Flanged End Pressure-seal Piston Check Valve SCVX silence check valve.

　　Third, the disc valve: valve inside the valve seat around the pin of the rotating non-return valve. Check-saucer structure is simple and can only be installed on the level of pipeline, less tightness.

　　Four-channel check valve: valve body flap along the center line of sliding valves. Check-pipeline is a new valve, and its small size, light-processing technology, is one of the development of a non-return valve. But the fluid drag coefficient than the spin-Kai, slightly larger than the check valve.

　　Five-pressed check valve: This valve is used as boiler feed water and steam valve by cutting off its landing and taking off with a cut-off valve and check valve-Angle Valves or integrated function.

　　In addition, there are - some do not apply to exports to install the pump check valve, such as the valve at the end, the spring-, Y-type check valve, and so on.

Swing Check Valve Y-Pattern Piston Check Valve Forged Steel Flange End Check Valve Flanged End Check Valve Piston Check Valve 800Lb Piston Check Valve 900Lb~1500Lb Pressure Sealing Swing Check Valve Butterfly Swing Check Valve Swing Check Valve

　Globe Valve is the closure of the pieces (flap valve) along the centerline of the movement of the valve seat. According to the flap valve in the form of such a move, pass the mouth of the valve seat and valve change is in direct proportion to the relationship between valve trip. Due to the type of valve stem to open or close the relatively short trip, and a very reliable function to cut off, and as a result of changes in the mouth-seat valve with the valve in direct proportion to the relationship of the trip, is well suited for regulating the flow. As a result, this type of valve is very suitable as cut off or reduce expenditure, as well as the use of regulation.

　　The closing of the valve once the flap valve away from the closed position, its valve seat and valve seal between the surface will not have contact thus sealing its surface mechanical wear and tear is very small, so the seal is a very good performance, the disadvantage is that Sealing surface may be caught between the movement of particles in the media. However, if the flap valve ball or make CERAMIC BALLS, the issue will be tough but welcome a solution. As most of the globe valve of the valve seat and valve repair or replacement easier, but also in the repair or replacement of components without sealing the entire pipeline from the valve down on the demolition of this valve in the pipe and welding into one of the occasions, it is very applicable to The.

　　As the medium through the valve when such a change in the direction of flow, the globe valve minimum flow resistance was also higher in most other types of valves. However, according to the valve stem structure and relative to the import and export channels of distribution, the situation can be rectified. At the same time. As the globe valve and open valve clearance between the small trip, the sealed surface can bear repeatedly hoist, so it is applicable to the needs of frequent switches of occasions.

　　Globe valve can be used to process most of the media system. Has been developed to meet the petrochemical, power, metallurgy, construction, chemical industry and other departments use a variety of forms of the globe valve.

Cast Steel Globe Valve Pressure Sealing Globe Valve Flanged End Globe Valve

　　The globe valve to use a very common, but opened and closed more torque, a longer length of the structure, usually nominal path are limited to the following 250mm, 400mm to have, but when they choose pay particular attention to the direction of import and export. General 15Omm below the globe valve most of the media from the valve into the bottom of the valve, and the globe valve 2O0mm more than most of the media from the valve into the top of the valve. This is because the moment due to the closure of the valve. In order to reduce the torque to open or close the general 2O0mm above the globe valves are located inside or outside the bypass valve by-pass.

First, from the valve market as a whole, there are two major:

1, the domestic market, the domestic market was divided into new and expansion projects-way market, maintenance of old equipment, market transformation projects.

Two from the market, general valve serious oversupply of products, followed by business-to-business pressure even with Yang, disorderly competition, counterfeit and inferior … …, do not regulate the market, leading to some of the valve manufacturer in the Fierce competition, a significant loss year after year. Two from the needs of the market, with the development of the market economy and improve, in particular the progress of the World Trade Organization (wto), changes in the market of its growing enterprise market by increasing the impact of deep-users in the market The increasing demand for products, product development, production cycle of increasing demand for short.

2, the foreign markets.

In recent years, foreign markets were very active, very intense competition. East Asia and Southeast Asia, the rapid growth of import and export of valves, North America and other developed countries of the European market between the sustainable development of trade, Germany, Italy, Japan, China and other countries and regions to expand exports, the United States, Britain, France and other countries imported High-speed growth, the formation of the international market and prosperity of the valve support points, In addition, due to the further internationalization of the world economy, multinational companies will continue to promote international valve market development, international trade of the region is to become a complete feature.

Second, the domestic market

China’s production of valves about three more than 2300, to provide valve product categories, more than 3500 varieties, more than 40,000 specifications.

(1) of the valves used in construction, the city: urban low-pressure systems generally use the valves are currently being environmentally friendly and energy-saving direction. Environment-friendly plastic valves, and the central line of the balance valve butterfly valve, metal seal butterfly valve is gradually replaced by low iron gate. Domestic architecture required for the balance valve multi-valve, sealing the soft valve, butterfly valve, and so on.

(2) cities with heating valve: Urban heat generation system, a great deal of metal seal butterfly valve, and the level of balance valve-buried ball, as a result of this type of vertical pipe valve solution, horizontal hydraulic imbalance to reach energy-saving , On behalf of the heat balance.

(3) environmental protection with valve: the domestic system of environmental protection, water supply systems required the center line butterfly valve, sealing the soft valve, ball valve, the valve (in the pipeline for the exclusion of air). The main sewage treatment system required soft sealing valve, butterfly valve.

(4) with city gas valve: City-wide natural gas market as a whole accounted for 22% of the amount of large valves, which are more types. The main needs of ball valve, Xuan Sefa, the relief valve, safety valve.

(5) long-distance pipeline valves used: long-distance pipelines for crude oil, natural products and no pipeline. This type of pipeline to be the most amount of forged steel valves is a three-wide-body Path ball valve, flat-sulfur valve, safety valve, check valve.

(6) petrochemical plant with valve: a, oil refining equipment, oil refining unit of the valves are required pipeline valve, the main valve for the gate valve, check valve, safety valve, ball valve, butterfly valve, trap Among them, gate valve to be accounted for about 80% of the total number, (valve devices accounted for a total investment of 3% to 5%). b, chemical fiber equipment, chemical fiber products are polyester, acrylic, vinylon three categories. Its requirement for ball valves, valve jacket (Jacket ball valve, gate valve jacket, jacket cut-off valve). c, clear acrylic device. The device is generally required for the production of standard api valve, the main valve for the cut-off valve,�check valve, ball valve, trap, the needle-valve, Xuan Sefa, of which, gate valves accounts for about 75% of the total . d, ammonia plant. Since the original synthetic ammonia and purification methods, the process flow, the valve required technical performance is different. At present, domestic ammonia plant required the main valve, the cut-off valve, check valve, trap, butterfly valve, ball valve, Valves, valve, needle-valve, safety valve, high-temperature low-temperature valves. The cut-off valve by valve devices accounted for 53.4 percent of the total data, accounting for 25.1 percent valve, trap accounts for 7.7 percent, accounting for 2.4 percent safety valve, the valve and the valve from the low temperature and other accounting for 11.4%. E, ethylene plant, ethylene Device is the leading petrochemical plant, which required a wide range of valves.

������ Valve, the cut-off valve, check valve, ball valve leveraged take-off and landing in the majority, which takes the top gate. “Tenth Five-Year” plan, the country needs to build an annual output of 660,000 tons of ethylene 6 sets of equipment, the considerable demand for valves. In addition, large-scale ethylene and high-pressure polyethylene device needs to use ultra-high temperature, the more low-temperature and high pressure valve product line. f, air separation plant. “Air separation” that is, air separation, the device required cut-off of the main valve, safety valve, check valve, valve, ball valve, butterfly valve, low temperature valves. g, polypropylene unit, polypropylene is easy for the Propylene raw materials, polymer derived from high-molecular compound, which required the main valve device, the cut-off valve, check valve, needle-valve, ball valve, trap.

(7) power station with valve: the Power of China’s large-scale construction of a positive direction, it required large-diameter high-pressure and the safety valve, relief valve, globe valve, gate valve, butterfly valves, emergency shut-off valve and flow control valves , Spherical valve sealing instruments, (according to the national “Tenth Five-Year Plan”, with the exception of Inner Mongolia and Guizhou provinces can be built more than 200,000 kilowatt generating units, the only other provinces and cities to build more than 300,000 kilowatt generating units).

(8) with metallurgical valve: metallurgical industry required major acts of wear-resistant alumina slurry valve (in-flow valve) to regulate the trap. The main steel-making industry required sealed metal ball valve, butterfly valve and ball valve oxidation, as flash and reversing valve.

(9) combined Marine-valve: With the exploitation of offshore oil field development, and its ocean-valve made of the required amount gradually increased. Ocean off the platform needed ball, a non-return valve, multi-way valve.

(10) Food and Drug use valve: the industry’s main stainless steel ball valve required, non-toxic plastic ball and butterfly valves.

3, foreign markets. With access to wto, China valve market is facing foreign competitors valve, the valve of imports from abroad will have a greater amount of growth, at the same time, the Chinese, low-grade products, valves, there will be much more room .

(1) China’s purchase of valves from developed countries to developing countries: China from the developed countries need to buy the valves, api for the main valve, the cut-off valve, check valve, ball valve, butterfly valve, and so on.

(2) in the Middle East, Iraq and other countries, oil fields, pipelines from the destruction of China’s imported oil pipeline systems and valves used: the Middle East, Iraq and other countries need to import oil from our system, with the main valve for the valve, the cut-off valve, check valve, The main long-distance pipelines and valves for flat-panel ball.

(3) the conventional import and export companies in general need to buy the common valve: common type of valve from the valve, the cut-off valve, check valve, ball valve, butterfly valve majority.

����� At present, domestic and international valve market is very intense competition, particularly in the domestic market, state-owned enterprises and township enterprises and private individual competition, combined with the relative purchasing power weakened, some of the valves so that enterprises are facing a crisis of survival, at the same time, foreign Some of the market opportunities and lead to domestic enterprises in order to survive efforts to open up. By the United States in the Middle East Iraq, Iran sanctions and export opportunities for the good of the situation, China’s high quality, cheaper products, valves, it is easy to break into the market in the Middle East, exports to developed countries. As a result, all of the valves business, should seize the opportunity for domestic and international valve market demand and expand markets, increase exports in order to develop.

Third, the domestic development of the valve should be new products

����� Valve product development should focus on building the country’s economic development to focus on. China’s “Tenth Five-Year” will focus on economic construction, energy, agriculture, industry and environmental protection, urban construction, that is, valve products in the future the main market in electricity, petrochemicals, fertilizers, environmental protection and urban construction and other industries. These industries are yet to be developed or trial, but also improve the quality of the products of the main valves are:

1, high-temperature, high pressure, forging the pilot-valve

2, large-diameter high-pressure steel valve

3, large-diameter high-pressure steel check valve

4, metal seal, valve oil seals avdco

5, full-diameter pipe welding wide-Ball

6, the ball landing leveraged

7, large diameter butterfly valve to cut off emergency

8, all-welded-buried ball

9, high-performance butterfly valve (ans1 b16.104 6-class, life together as much as 50 million more than

10, the pilot-type safety valve

11, api 6a plate valve

12, api 6a chokt2s valve

13, flash control (valve)

14, regulation trap

15, refined oil Distraction with soft-sealing Xuan Sefa

16, with deep-sea oil field (3000m below the seabed) valve, ball valve

17, large-diameter high-pressure coat-ball

18, high-pressure aluminum melt using a slurry valve

19, natural gas conditioning devices

����� In addition, the valve test device is also subject to further enhance the development.

����� At present, China’s valve industry, despite the manufacturer is gradually increased research and development efforts, but the technology behind the product, making not effective competition, production of valves varieties to meet market demand, only 70%. The shortage of low-pressure valves and large-caliber production and demand contradiction in the variety and texture on the high and medium pressure valve, there is the question of the development of new products, we need the old valve Enterprise Institute is to develop and expand. Competition in the market, will always be the survival of the fittest. To speed up the adjustment of product structure, technology updates, new product development, the creation of the card … … is the survival of their enterprises, development of the market accounted for the foundation of domestic and foreign markets.

A globe valve is a device (specifically a type of valve) for regulating flow in a pipeline, consisting of a movable disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body.



Globe Valves are named for their spherical body shape with the two halves of the body being separated by an internal baffle. This has an opening that forms a seat onto which a movable plug can be screwed in to close (or shut) the valve. The plug is also called a disc or disk. In globe valves, the plug is connected to a stem which is operated by screw action in manual valves. Typically, automated valves use sliding stems. Automated globe valves have a smooth stem rather than threaded and are opened and closed by an actuator assembly. When a globe valve is manually operated, the stem is turned by a handwheel.

Although globe valves in the past had the spherical bodies which gave them their name, many modern globe valves do not have much of a spherical shape. However, the term globe valve is still often used for valves that have such an internal mechanism. In plumbing, valves with such a mechanism are also often called stop valves since they don’t have the global appearance, but the term stop valve may refer to valves which are used to stop flow even when they have other mechanisms or designs.

Globe valves are used for applications requiring throttling and frequent operation. For example, globe valves or valves with a similar mechanism may be used as sampling valves, which are normally shut except when liquid samples are being taken. Since the baffle restricts flow, they’re not recommended where full, unobstructed flow is required.

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